關於萬聖節有這樣壹個故事。是說有壹個叫傑克的愛爾半蘭人,因為他對錢特別的吝嗇,就不允許他進入天堂,而被打入地獄。但是在那裏他老是捉弄魔鬼撒旦,所以被踢出地獄,罰他提著燈籠永遠在人世裏行走。 在十月三十壹日愛爾蘭的孩子們用土豆和羅蔔制作“傑克的燈籠”,他們把中間挖掉、表面上打洞並在裏邊點上蠟燭。為村裏慶祝督伊德神的萬聖節,孩子們提著這種燈籠挨家挨戶乞計食物。?這種燈籠的愛爾蘭名字是“拿燈籠的傑克”或者“傑克的燈籠”,縮寫為Jack-o'-lantern ?在拼寫為jack-o-lantern。 現在妳在大多數書裏讀到的萬聖節只是孩子們開心的夜晚。在小學校裏,萬聖節是每年十月份開始慶祝的。 孩子們會制作萬聖節的裝飾品:各種各樣桔紅色的南瓜燈。妳可以用黑色的紙做壹個可怕的造形?壹個騎在掃帚把上戴著尖尖帽子的女巫飛過天空,或者是黑蝙蝠飛過月亮。這些都代表惡運。當然黑貓代表運氣更差。有時候會出現黑貓騎在女巫掃帚後面飛向天空的造形。 在萬聖節的晚上,我們都穿著爸爸媽媽的舊衣服和舊鞋子,戴上面具,打算外出。比我們小的孩子必須和他們的母親壹塊出去,我們大壹點的就壹起哄到領居家,按他們的門鈴並大聲喊道:“惡作劇還是招待!”意思是給我們吃的,要不我們就捉弄妳。裏邊的人們應該出?評價我們的化裝。 “噢!這是鬼,那是女巫,這是個老太婆。” 有時候他們會跟我們壹起玩,假裝被鬼或者女巫嚇著了。但是他們通常會帶壹些糖果或者蘋果放進我們的“惡作劇還是招待”的口袋裏。可是要是沒人回答門鈴或者是有人把我們趕開該怎麽辦呢?我們就捉弄他們,通常是拿壹塊肥皂把他們的玻璃塗得亂七八糟。然後我們回家,數數誰的糖果最多。 還有壹個典型的萬聖節花招是把壹卷手紙拉開,不停地往樹上扔,直到樹全被白紙裹起?。除非下大雪或大雨把紙沖掉,紙會壹直呆在樹上。這並不造成真正的傷害,只是把樹和院子搞亂,壹種萬聖節的惡作劇。 HALLOWEEN One story about Jack, an Irishman, who was not allowed into Heaven because he was stingy with his money. So he was sent to hell. But down there he played tricks on the Devil (Satan), so he was kicked out of Hell and made to walk the earth forever carrying a lantern. Well, Irish children made Jack's lanterns on October 31st from a large potato or turnip, hollowed out with the sides having holes and lit by little candles inside. And Irish children would carry them as they went from house to house begging for food for the village Halloween festival that honored the Druid god Muck Olla. The Irish name for these lanterns was "Jack with the lantern" or "Jack of the lantern," abbreviated as " Jack-o'-lantern" and now spelled "jack-o-lantern." The traditional Halloween you can read about in most books was just children's fun night. Halloween celebrations would start in October in every elementary school. Children would make Halloween decorations, all kinds of orange-paper jack-o-lanterns. And from black paper you'd cut "scary" designs ---an evil witch with a pointed hat riding through the sky on a broomstick, maybe with black bats flying across the moon, and that meant bad luck. And of course black cats for more bad luck. Sometimes a black cat would ride away into the sky on the back of the witch's broom. And on Halloween night we'd dress up in Mom or Dad's old shoes and clothes, put on a mask, and be ready to go outside. The little kids (children younger than we were) had to go with their mothers, but we older ones went together to neighbors' houses, ringing their doorbell and yelling, "Trick or treat!" meaning, "Give us a treat (something to eat) or we'll play a trick on you!" The people inside were supposed to come to the door and comment on our costumes. Oh! here's a ghost. Oh, there's a witch. Oh, here's an old lady. Sometimes they would play along with us and pretend to be scared by some ghost or witch. But they would always have some candy and maybe an apple to put in our "trick or treat bags." But what if no one come to the door, or if someone chased us away? Then we'd play a trick on them, usually taking a piece of soap and make marks on their windows. .And afterwards we would go home and count who got the most candy. One popular teen-agers' Halloween trick was to unroll a roll of toilet paper and throw it high into a tree again and again until the tree was all wrapped in the white paper. The paper would often stay in the tree for weeks until a heavy snow or rain washed it off. No real harm done, but it made a big mess of both the tree and the yard under it. One kind of Halloween mischief.
西方的鬼節——萬聖節
在西方國家,每年的10月31日,有個“Halloween”,辭典解釋為“The eve of All Saints'Day”,中文譯作:“萬聖節之夜”。萬聖節是西方國家的傳統節日。這壹夜是壹年中最“鬧鬼”的壹夜,所以也叫“鬼節”。
兩千多年前,歐洲的天主教會把11月1日定為“天下聖徒之日” (ALL HALLOWS DAY) 。“HALLOW” 即聖徒之意。傳說自公元前五百年,居住在愛爾蘭、蘇格蘭等地的凱爾特人 (CELTS)把這節日往前移了壹天,即10月31日。他們認為該日是夏天正式結束的日子,也就是新年伊始,嚴酷的冬季開始的壹天。那時人們相信,故人的亡魂會在這壹天回到故居地在活人身上找尋生靈,借此再生,而且這是人在死後能獲得再生的唯壹希望。而活著的人則懼怕死魂來奪生,於是人們就在這壹天熄掉爐火、燭光,讓死魂無法找尋活人,又把自己打扮成妖魔鬼怪把死人之魂靈嚇走。之後,他們又會把火種燭光重新燃起,開始新的壹年的生活。傳說那時凱爾特人部落還有在10月31日把活人殺死用以祭奠死人的習俗。
到了公元1世紀,占領了凱爾特部落領地的羅馬人也漸漸接受了萬聖節習俗,但從此廢止了燒活人祭死人的野蠻做法。羅馬人慶祝豐收的節日與凱爾特人儀式結合,戴著可怕的面具,打扮成動物或鬼怪,則是為了趕走在他們四周遊蕩的妖魔。這也就是今天全球大部分人以古靈精怪的打扮,來慶祝萬聖節的由來。時間流逝,萬聖節的意義逐漸起了變化,變得積極快樂起來,喜慶的意味成了主流。死魂找替身返世的說法也漸漸被摒棄和忘卻。到了今天,象征萬聖節的形象、圖畫如巫婆、黑貓等,大都有友善可愛和滑稽的臉。
臉譜化妝是萬聖節傳統節目
"Halloween"壹詞的產生
很多民族都在萬聖節前夜有慶典聚會,這又被叫做“All Hallow E'en”、“The Eve of All Hallows”、“Hallow e'en”,或者“The eve of All Saintas'Day”。最終約定俗成演變成了“Halloween”,中文意譯成了萬聖節之夜。
萬聖節的習俗——不請吃就搗亂
萬聖節的壹個有趣內容是“Trick or treat”,這習俗卻並非源自愛爾蘭,而是始於公元九世紀的歐洲基督教會。那時的11月2日,被基督徒們稱為 “ALL SOULS DAY”(萬靈之日)。在這壹天,信徒們跋涉於僻壤鄉間,挨村挨戶乞討用面粉及葡萄幹制成的“靈魂之餅”。據說捐贈糕餅的人家都相信教會僧人的祈禱,期待由此得到上帝的佑護,讓死去的親人早日進入天堂。這種挨家乞討的傳統傳至當今竟演變成了孩子們提著南瓜燈籠挨家討糖吃的遊戲。見面時,打扮成鬼精靈模樣的孩子們千篇壹律地都要發出“不請吃就搗亂”的威脅,而主人自然不敢怠慢,連聲說“請吃!請吃!”同時把糖果放進孩子們隨身攜帶的大口袋裏。
另外還有南瓜雕空當燈籠的故事。這又是源於古代愛爾蘭。故事是說壹個名叫 JACK 的人,是個醉漢且愛惡作劇。壹天 JACK 把惡魔騙上了樹,隨即在樹樁上刻了個十字,恐嚇惡魔令他不敢下來,然後 JACK 就與惡魔約法三章,讓惡魔答應施法讓 JACK 永遠不會犯罪為條件讓他下樹。 JACK 死後,其靈魂卻既不能上天又不能下地獄,於是他的亡靈只好靠壹根小蠟燭照著指引他在天地之間倘佯。
在古老的愛爾蘭傳說裏,這根小蠟燭是在壹根挖空的蘿蔔裏放著,稱作“JACK LANTERNS”,而古老的蘿蔔燈演變到今天,則是南瓜做的 Jack-O-Lantern 了。據說愛爾蘭人到了美國不久,即發現南瓜不論從來源和雕刻來說都比蘿蔔勝壹籌,於是南瓜就成了萬聖節的寵物。
孩子們喜愛的節日
萬聖節是兒童們縱情玩樂的好時候。它在孩子們眼中,是壹個充滿神秘色彩的節日。夜幕降臨,孩子們便迫不及待地穿上五顏六色的化妝服,戴上千奇百怪的面具,提上壹盞“傑克燈”跑出去玩。“傑克燈”的樣子十分可愛,做法是將南瓜掏空,外面刻上笑瞇瞇的眼睛和大嘴巴,然後在瓜中插上壹支蠟燭,把它點燃,人們在很遠的地方便能看到這張憨態可掬的笑臉。
收拾停當後,壹群群裝扮成妖魔鬼怪的孩子手提“傑克燈”,跑到鄰居家門前,威嚇般地喊著:“要惡作劇還是給款待”、“給錢還是給吃的”。如果大人不用糖果、零錢款待他們,那些調皮的孩子就說到做到:好,妳不款待,我就捉弄妳。他們有時把人家的門把手塗上肥皂,有時把別人的貓塗上顏色。這些小惡作劇常令大人啼笑皆非。當然,大多數人家都非常樂於款待這些天真爛漫的小客人。所以萬聖節前夜的孩子們總是肚子塞得飽飽的,口袋裝得滿滿的。
萬聖節前夜最流行的遊戲是“咬蘋果”。遊戲時,人們讓蘋果漂浮在裝滿水的盆裏,然後讓孩子們在不用手的條件下用嘴去咬蘋果,誰先咬到,誰就是優勝者。