英讀廊——孩子們都不喜歡吃西蘭花嗎？等他們長大吧！

Why are some foods (broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, etc) almost universally hated as children, but liked later in life?

譯為什麽有些食物（比如西蘭花、球芽甘藍等）幾乎所有人小時候都不喜歡吃，但在長大後的生活中卻很受歡迎？

單詞broccoli ['brok-uh-lee]['br?k?li] n. 西蘭花；花椰菜；甘藍花

專有名詞Brussels Sprouts球芽甘藍，又叫抱子甘藍、孢子甘藍等，是北美超市裏最常見的蔬菜之壹。營養成分非常高，每88g孢子甘藍含有38卡路裏的熱量，0g脂肪，8g碳水化合物，3g蛋白質。孢子甘藍不僅富含VC， VA， VB-6，更有不飽和脂肪酸Omega 3。

單詞etc ['etk] abbr. 及其他；等等(=Et cetera)

單詞universally [yoo-nuh-'vur-suh-lee][?ju?n?'v?s?li] adv. 普遍地

單詞hated 原型：hate [heyt][he?t] v. 憎恨；厭惡；討厭 n. 憎恨；厭惡

I understand taste buds reset every 7 years or so, but why are some flavors despised off the bat universally?

譯我知道味蕾每隔7年左右就會重置壹次，但為什麽有些口味會被普遍鄙視呢？

單詞taste [teyst][te?st] n. 味覺；味道；嘗試；品味；愛好 v. 品嘗；有 ... 味道的；體驗

單詞buds 原型：bud [buhd][b?d] n. 芽；花蕾

短語taste buds 味蕾

單詞reset [ree-'set][?ri?'set] v. 重置，重新設定；重新放置；重新組合

單詞flavors 原型：flavor ['fley-ver]['fle?v?] n. 風味；特殊的滋味；風格；調味品

單詞despised 原型：despise [dih-'spahyz][d?'spa?z] vt. 輕視

短語despised off the bat 被輕視，被鄙視

There are several answers to this.

譯對此有幾個答案。

Kids have a much more sensitive palette, specifically to bitter, so more bitter things like sprouts and such are more disliked.

譯孩子們有壹個更敏感的味覺，特別是苦味，所以像芽苗菜之類的更苦的東西更不受歡迎。

單詞sensitive ['sen-si-tiv]['sens?t?v] adj. 靈敏的；敏感的；感光的

單詞palette ['pal-it]['p?l?t] n. 調色板，範圍，模式

單詞specifically [spi-'sif-ik-lee][sp?'s?f?kli] adv. 特別地；明確地；具體地

單詞bitter ['bit-er]['b?t?] adj. 苦的；痛苦的；辛酸的；激烈的

單詞disliked 原型：dislike [dis-'lahyk][d?s'la?k] v. 不喜歡；厭惡

They're not all universally hated, they're just hated by people whose parents can't cook vegetables well, so they have bad experience with eating them.

譯它們並不是所有人都討厭，它們只是被那些父母不能很好地烹調蔬菜的人所不喜歡，所以他們對吃蔬菜有著不好的體驗。

單詞parents 原型：parent ['pair-uh?nt, 'par-]['pe?r?nt] n. 父母；根源

單詞cook [koo?k][k?k] v. 烹調；燒煮；捏造；纂改(賬目)

單詞vegetables 原型：vegetable ['vej-tuh-buh?l, 'vej-i-tuh-]['ved?t?bl] n. 蔬菜；植物

單詞eating 原型：eat [eet][i?t] v. 吃；吃飯；喝

Brussels sprouts in specific actually have gotten more tasty in the last few decades.

譯在過去的幾十年裏，球芽甘藍實際上變得更加美味。

單詞tasty ['tey-stee]['te?sti] adj. 好吃的；有品位的；有趣的

單詞decades 原型：decade ['dek-eyd; British also duh-'keyd]['deke?d] n. 十年

The most common type found in stores is significantly better than what was found in stores 30 years ago.

譯商店裏最常見的壹種比30年前在商店裏發現的要好得多。

單詞stores 原型：store [stawr, stohr][st?] n. 商店；貯藏

單詞significantly [sig-'nif-i-kuhnt][s?ɡ'n?f?k?ntli] adv. 意味深長地；意義深遠地；重要地；較大地

Taste buds "resetting" is a myth.

譯味蕾“重置”是個傳說。

單詞myth [mith][m?θ] n. 神話；虛構的故事

Individual cells that sense taste are replaced every two weeks or so, but that's not what changes your preferences.

譯感覺味覺的單個細胞大約每兩周更換壹次，但這並不能改變妳的偏好。

單詞cells 原型：cell [sel][sel] n. 細胞

單詞replaced 原型：replace [ri-'pleys][r?'ple?s] vt. 取代；替換

單詞preferences 原型：preference ['pref-er-uhns, 'pref-ruhns]['prefr?ns] n. 偏愛；優先；喜愛物

Your personal taste changes over time as you age in response to a lot of things, not least of which is just learning to like certain tastes due to exposure.

譯隨著年齡的增長，妳的個人品味會隨著時間的推移而改變，很多事情都是因為接觸而學會喜歡某些口味。

短語due to 多數表示“由於；因為”。如：This accident was due to his careless driving．同時，due 與to 單配，還可以表示“付給某人”，如：Respect is due to older people.

短語over time 隨著時間的過去，久而久之，超時；例句：Over time, the service learns what you like to read and will personalize its news suggestions for you. 隨著時間的推移，這項服務會了解到妳喜歡閱讀哪類內容，並為妳提供個性化的新聞建議。

單詞exposure [ik-'spoh-zher][?k'sp] n. 暴露；曝光時間

If you consume something often enough you can learn to enjoy it.

譯如果妳經常吃壹些東西，妳可以學會享受它。

單詞consume [kuhn-'soom][k?n'sju?m] v. 消耗；吃喝；毀滅

單詞enjoy [en-'joi][?n'd] v. 享受；喜歡

However, a significant factor is your biology as you age.

譯然而，壹個重要的因素是隨著年齡的增長，妳的生物學特性。

單詞factor ['fak-ter]['f?kt?] n. 因素；因數；因子

單詞biology [bahy-'ol-uh-jee][ba?'?l?d?i] n. 生物學

Children are born with a higher preference for sweetness and a distaste for bitterness.

譯孩子們生來就對甜味有更高的偏好，和對苦的厭惡。

單詞born [bawrn][b?n] adj. 出生的；與生俱來的 動詞bear的過去分詞.

單詞sweetness ['peyt-n]['swi?tn?s] n. 甜，美味；芳香；甜美

單詞distaste [dis-'teyst][d?s'te?st] n. 不喜歡；厭惡

單詞bitterness ['bit-er-nis]['b?t?n?s] n. 苦味；悲痛；怨恨

This is probably an evolutionary advantage because sugary foods provide more calories, which children need to grow quickly.

譯這可能是進化上的壹個優勢，因為含糖食物提供了更多的熱量，兒童需要快速成長。

單詞evolutionary [ev-uh-'loo-shuh-ner-ee][?i?v?'lunri] adj. 進化的；發展的；演變的

單詞advantage [ad-'van-tij, -'vahn-][?d'vɑ?nt?d?] n. 優勢；有利條件

單詞sugary ['shoog-uh-ree]['?ɡ?ri] adj. 含糖的；甜的

單詞calories 原型：calorie ['kal-uh-ree]['k?l?ri] n. 卡；卡路裏(熱量單位) =calory.

單詞grow [groh][ɡr?] v. 增加；生長；變成；種植；逐漸開始

Children are also less able to tolerate ingesting toxic foods, and bitterness evolved primarily to detect dangerous, toxic alkaloids.

譯兒童對有毒食物的耐受能力也較低，而苦味的產生主要是為了檢測危險的有毒生物堿。

單詞tolerate ['tol-uh-reyt]['t?l?re?t] vt. 容許；忍受；容忍

單詞ingesting [in-'jest][?n'd?est] v. 咽下；攝取

單詞toxic ['tok-sik]['t?ks?k] adj. 有毒的

單詞evolved 原型：evolve [ih-'volv][i'v?lv] v. (使)逐步形成；(使)逐步演變；進化

單詞primarily [prahy-'mair-uh-lee][pra?'mer?li] adv. 主要地；起初地

單詞detect [dih-'tekt][d?'tekt] v. 發覺；察覺；探測

單詞dangerous ['deyn-jer-uhs, 'deynj-ruhs]['de?nd?r?s] adj. 危險的；不安全的

單詞alkaloids 原型：alkaloid ['al-kuh-loid]['?lk?l?d] n. 生物堿；植物堿基

Children just straight up prefer sweet foods and, conversely, because they have a predisposition to disliking bitter foods, they are unlikely to enjoy more bitter vegetables like broccoli and brussels sprouts.

譯孩子們喜歡甜食，相反，因為他們有不喜歡苦味食物的傾向，他們不太可能喜歡像花椰菜和芽甘藍這樣的苦菜。

單詞straight [streyt][stre?t] adj. 直的；坦率的；正直的；準的

單詞prefer [pri-'fur][pr?'f?] vt. 寧可；較喜歡

單詞conversely ['k?nv?sli] adv. 相反地

單詞predisposition [pree-dis-puh-'zish-uhn][?pri?d?sp?'z?n] n. 傾向

單詞unlikely [uhn-'lahyk-lee][?n'la?kli] adj. 不太可能的

Living in the 21st century and in a developed country, humans now have immediate access to just about any food we could want, especially very sugary foods.

譯生活在21世紀的發達國家，人類現在可以立即獲得我們想要的任何食物，尤其是含糖量很高的食物。

單詞21st 名詞 adj. 第二十壹

單詞developed 原型：develop [dih-'vel-uh?p][d?'vel?p] v. 發展；發育；開發

單詞immediate [ih-'mee-dee-it][?'mi?di?t] adj. 直接的；最接近的；立即的；目前的

Evolution is slow, though, so children still prefer sweets even though as adults we understand that too much sugar is bad for your health.

譯然而，進化是緩慢的，所以孩子們仍然喜歡甜食，盡管作為成年人，我們明白過多的糖對妳的健康有害。

詞法even though是“盡管”的意思，為連詞，引導讓步狀語從句用於引導讓步狀語從句。如：He went out even though it was raining. 盡管在下雨，他還是出去了

單詞evolution [ev-uh-'loo-shuhn][?i?v?'lu?n] n. 進化；發展；演變

單詞adults 原型：adult [uh-'duhlt, 'ad-uhlt]['?d?lt] n. 成年人；成年動物

單詞sugar ['shoo?g-er]['?ɡ?] n. 糖，食糖

Tens of thousands and even hundreds of thousands of years ago as our ancestors were evolving into humans, sugar was relatively scarce, found only small fruits.

譯數萬年甚至幾十萬年前，當我們的祖先進化成人類時，糖相對稀少，只能發現小水果。

單詞ancestors 原型：ancestor ['an-ses-ter]['?nsest?] n. 祖宗；祖先；原種

單詞relatively ['rel-uh-tiv-lee]['rel?t?vli] adv. 相對地；比較地

單詞scarce [skairs][ske?s] adj. 缺乏的；不足的；稀少的；罕見的

單詞fruits 原型：fruit [froot][fru?t] n. 果實；成果；水果

Finding them was hard and not available at all times, so it made sense for children to seek them out whenever possible.

譯要找到它們是很困難的，而且不是任何時候都能找到的，所以只要有可能，孩子們就應該去尋找它們。

短語make sense 表示“有意義；講得通；言之有理”。如：I try to make each song make sense for itself. 我試圖讓每首歌都體現出它自己的意義。

單詞seek [seek][si?k] vt. 尋求；追求；試圖 vi. 尋找

單詞whenever [hwen-'ev-er][wen'ev?] adv. 無論何時 conj. 每當；無論何時；隨時

Today, we have to teach our children not to eat sugary foods.

譯今天，我們要教孩子們不要吃含糖食物。

單詞teach [teech][ti?t?] vt. 教；教導；教授；教訓 vi. 給予指導

單詞eat [eet][i?t] v. 吃；吃飯；喝

There's evidence that providing a balanced diet that doesn't entirely eliminate sugary foods but encourages healthy eating habits teaches children to...not dislike sweets, but to learn to like bitter veggies a lot more.

譯有證據表明，提供壹個不完全消除含糖食物但鼓勵健康飲食習慣的均衡飲食教會孩子們…不要討厭甜食，而是要學會更喜歡苦的蔬菜。

單詞balanced 原型：balance ['bal-uhns]['b?l?ns] vt. 權衡；使平衡；抵消；稱重量 vi. 均衡；建立平衡

單詞diet ['dahy-it]['da?t] n. 日常食物；規定飲食；節食

單詞entirely [en-'tahyuhr-lee][?n'ta?li] adv. 完全地；全部地

單詞eliminate [ih-'lim-uh-neyt][?'l?m?ne?t] v. 除去；剔除；忽略；淘汰

單詞encourages 原型：encourage [en-'kur-ij][?n'k?r?d?] vt. 鼓勵；促進；支持

單詞healthy ['hel-thee]['helθi] adj. 健康的

單詞habits 原型：habit ['hab-it]['h?b?t] n. 習慣；習性

單詞veggies ['vej-ee]['veɡ?z] vegetables 蔬菜