德國人的飲食習慣（招待註意）
德國人的飲食習慣
提起德國美食，不能不提起德國香腸，德國人喜歡肉食，尤其喜歡吃香腸。他們制作的香腸有1500種以上，許多種類風行世界，像以地名命名的"黑森林火腿"，可以切得跟紙壹樣薄，味道奇香無比。德國的國菜就是在酸卷心菜上鋪滿各式香腸，有時用壹整只豬後腿代替香腸和火腿，那燒得熟爛的壹整只豬腿，德國人可以面不改色地壹個人幹掉它。
德國菜以酸、鹹口味為主，調味較為濃重。烹飪方法以烤、燜、串燒、燴為主。藍格的桌布上擺著壹筐面包，客人在等待中可以慢慢享用，德國面包很有咬勁，牙齒好的人才能品嘗出味道。德式的湯壹般比較濃厚，喜歡把原料打碎在湯裏，這大概與當地天寒地凍的氣候有關。據說德國人生性比較儉樸，水煮香腸，壹鍋濃濃的馬鈴薯豆子湯，加上有名的腌制酸菜和面包，壹頓飯便打發了。
此外，德國美食還有著名的德式清豆湯、德式生魚片、德式烤雜肉、德式肉腸、酸菜、德式蘋果酥、煎甜餅等。
壹日三餐
德國和中國大部分地區壹樣，壹日三餐。早餐壹般在七點，午餐壹點，晚餐七點。有的地方午餐和晚餐之間喝午後咖啡，吃蛋糕。
與中國的飲食習慣不同，德國人最講究、最豐盛的不是午餐、晚餐，而是早餐。在旅館或政府機構的餐廳，早餐大都是自助形式，有主食、肉類、蔬菜、飲料、水果等，不僅品種豐富，且色香味俱佳。而在普通百姓家，不論其家境窮富，其早餐的內容壹般般都大同小異：首先是飲料，包括咖啡、茶、各種果汁、牛奶等，主食為各種面包，以及與面包相配的奶油、幹酪和果醬，外加香腸和火腿。德國人吃飯的效率很高，他們可以在短短的10分鐘內把這些豐盛的食品搭配完畢並吃完，為其壹上午緊張的工作提供能量。
德國的午餐壹般多在單位食堂或快餐館就餐，是名副其實的快餐，如壹個由土豆、沙拉生菜和幾塊肉組成的拼盤，外加壹杯飲料。在有家庭主婦和未成年孩子的家庭，午餐也較簡單，如壹塊熟肉、肉餅配煮菜和面包，或燉牛肉配米飯和生菜，再簡單的就像中國的打鹵面壹樣，用肉汁拌意大利面條，飯後喝壹杯咖啡或吃壹個冰淇淋。德國人簡化午餐並不是為了省錢，而是為了節省時間。
德國人的家庭晚餐通常是冷餐，內容是很豐盛的：壹盤肉食的拼盤；鮮嫩可口的蔬菜，如小蘿蔔、西紅柿、黃瓜；新鮮的水果，如葡萄、櫻桃。有的家庭主婦還擺出各種風味的於酪，主食是面包。晚餐時間比較寬余，壹家人圍坐在桌前，邊吃邊聊。
除了壹日三餐外，有些德國人習慣在下午四五點鐘“加餐”，即喝杯咖啡或茶、吃塊蛋糕或幾塊餅幹。中上層家庭喜歡在此時邀請朋友來家裏品茗聊天。在這樣的聚會上，客人可以品嘗到飲譽四海的德國糕點，德國婦女壹般都練就壹手烤制點心的手藝。不過在當今快節奏的社會生活中，這種午後清閑的享受也只有在周未、假期或休假時才有可能。
大餐菜譜
德國大餐的典型菜譜是：
冷盤：奶油、幹酪、鮮魚或罐頭魚、灌腸制品、火腿、魚(肉)凍配鬼子姜、魚或肉拼盤、煮的或烤的家禽、蒜烤豬裏脊、紅燒肉、煮舌頭、沙拉、稀奶油、酸奶、雞蛋沙拉、半烹雞蛋。
第壹道菜：肉、魚、蔬菜、米或豆類等做的濃湯，家禽或野味湯，各種肉、米、通心粉和蔬菜等做的清湯，有攤雞蛋和餡餅的雞蛋清湯，家常面條雞湯，肉或魚做的稠辣湯，農民湯，酸黃瓜湯。
第二道菜：煮的或烤的魚配土豆和蔬菜 ，燜或烤的牛肉，烤家禽或野禽，肉餅炸豬排，煎薄豬排、雞肉餅、肉餅或炸肉餅；小香腸和短粗香腸配熬白菜、荷包蛋、攤雞蛋以及焦烤菜肴。
甜食：新鮮水果和草莓；新鮮水果或罐頭水果，煮草莓或果凍、果酸、乳脂果汁凍，加水果汁和甜汁的露酒、布丁、蘋果泥，冰淇淋；各色各樣的點心。
每個人進餐時，桌上必須備有奶油，午餐壹定要以黑咖啡或牛奶咖啡結束。午餐和晚餐則用啤酒。水果涼菜必須是冷的。
關於西餐的英語
bear''s paw 熊掌
breast of deer 鹿脯
beche-de-mer; sea cucumber 海參
sea sturgeon 海鱔
salted jelly fish 海蜇皮
kelp, seaweed 海帶
abalone 鮑魚
shark fin 魚翅
scallops 幹貝
lobster 龍蝦
bird''s nest 燕窩
roast suckling pig 考乳豬
pig''s knuckle 豬腳
boiled salted duck 鹽水鴨
preserved meat 臘肉
barbecued pork 叉燒
sausage 香腸
fried pork flakes 肉松
BAR-B-Q 烤肉
meat diet 葷菜
vegetables 素菜
meat broth 肉羹
local dish 地方菜
Cantonese cuisine 廣東菜
set meal 客飯
curry rice 咖喱飯
fried rice 炒飯
plain rice 白飯
crispy rice 鍋巴
gruel, soft rice, porridge 粥
noodles with gravy 打鹵面
plain noodle 陽春面
casserole 砂鍋
chafing dish, fire pot 火鍋
meat bun 肉包子
shao-mai 燒麥
preserved bean curd 腐乳
bean curd 豆腐
fermented blank bean 豆豉
pickled cucumbers 醬瓜
preserved egg 皮蛋
salted duck egg 鹹鴨蛋
dried turnip 蘿蔔幹
西餐與日本料理:
menu 菜單
French cuisine 法國菜
today''s special 今日特餐
chef''s special 主廚特餐
buffet 自助餐
fast food 快餐
specialty 招牌菜
continental cuisine 歐式西餐
aperitif 飯前酒
dim sum 點心
French fires 炸薯條
baked potato 烘馬鈴薯
mashed potatoes 馬鈴薯泥
omelette 簡蛋卷
pudding 布丁
pastries 甜點
pickled vegetables 泡菜
kimchi 韓國泡菜
crab meat 蟹肉
prawn 明蝦
conch 海螺
escargots 田螺
braised beef 燉牛肉
bacon 熏肉
poached egg 荷包蛋
sunny side up 煎壹面荷包蛋
over 煎兩面荷包蛋
fried egg 煎蛋
over easy 煎半熟蛋
over hard 煎全熟蛋
scramble eggs 炒蛋
boiled egg 煮蛋
stone fire pot 石頭火鍋
sashi 日本竹筷
sake 日本米酒
miso shiru 味噌湯
roast meat 鐵板烤肉
sashimi 生魚片
butter 奶油
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西式自助餐 Western buffet 肉雜拌湯 mixed meat soup
牛尾湯 ox-tail soup牛肉丸子湯 beef balls soup
牛肉蔬菜湯 beef soup with vegetables
牛肉茶 beef tea
冷牛肉茶 cold beef tea
雞湯 chicken soup
口蘑雞湯 chicken soup with mushrooms
番茄雞湯 chicken soup with tomato
雞腿蔬菜湯 chicken leg soup with vegetables
咖哩雞丁湯 curry chicken cubes soup
雞塊湯 chicken chips soup
雞塊面條湯 noodles soup with chicken chips
雞塊大米湯 rice soup with chicken chips
高加索雞塊湯 chicken soup a la Caucasus
雞球蔬菜湯 chicken meatballs soup with vegetables
雞雜湯 chicken giblets soup
雞雜菠菜湯 chicken giblets soup with spinach
魚湯 fish soup
家常魚湯 fish soup in home style
紅魚湯 fish soup with tomato
紅菜湯 borsch
蔬菜湯 vegetables soup; soup with vegetables
丸子蔬菜湯 meat balls soup with vegetables
酸菜湯 sour cabbage soup
龍須菜湯 soup with asparagus
蔥頭湯 onion soup
洋蔥湯 onion soup
西紅柿湯 tomato soup
番茄湯 tomato soup
白豆湯 white beam soup
豌豆湯 pea soup
豌豆泥湯 mashed pea soup
清湯肉餅 consomme with meat pie
面球湯 dumplings soup
通心粉湯 soup with macaroni
通心粉清湯 consomme with macaroni
番茄通心粉湯 tomato soup with macaroni
清湯臥果 consomme with poached eggs
4.魚蝦 fish and prawn
炸桂魚 fried mandarin fish
土豆炸桂魚 fried mandarin fish with potatoes
番茄汁炸魚 fried fish with tomato sauce
奶油汁炸魚 fried fish with cream sauce
韃靼式炸魚 fried fish with Tartar sauce
韃靼汁炸魚 fried fish with Tartar sauce
清煎鯉魚 fried carp
火腿汁煎魚 fried fish with ham sauce
俄式煎魚 fish a la Russia
罐燜魚 fish a la Duchesse
罐燜桂魚 mandarin fish a la Duchesse
火鍋魚片 fish podjarka
火鍋魚蝦 fish and prawns podjarka
火鍋大蝦 prawns podjarka
炭燒魚串 fish shashlik
炭燒魚段 fish chips shashlik
鐵扒桂魚 grilled mandarin fish
鐵扒比目魚 grilled turbot
奶油汁烤魚 baked fish with cream sauce
魚排 fish steak
奶油口蘑烤桂魚 mandarin fish au gratin
奶酪口蘑烤魚蝦 fish and prawns au gratin
白汁蒸魚 steamed fish with white
白酒汁蒸魚 steamed fish with white wine
紅酒蒸魚 steamed fish with red wine
番茄汁蒸魚 steamed fish tomato sauce
檸檬汁蒸魚 steamed fish with lemon sauce
雞蛋汁蒸魚 steamed fish with egg sauce
口蘑汁蒸魚 steamed fish with mushroom sauce
紅汁蘑菇蒸魚 steamed fish with mushrooms and brown sauce
番茄汁蘑菇蒸魚 steamed fish with mushrooms and tomato sauce
波蘭式蒸魚 steamed fish a la Poland
土豆煮魚 boiled fish with potatoes
黃油汁土豆煮魚 boiled fish and potato with butter sauce
炸大蝦 fried prawns
炸明蝦 fried prawns
軟煎大蝦 soft-fried prawns
黃油汁煎大蝦 fried prawns with butter sauce
罐燜大蝦 prawns a la Duchesse
奶酪口蘑烤大蝦 prawns au gratin
火腿奶酪炸大蝦 fried prawns with ham and cheese
鐵扒大蝦 grilled prawns
大蝦蛋奶酥 prawn souffle
5.素菜 vegetable dish
奶酪口蘑烤蔬菜 vegetables au gratin
黃油菜花 cauliflower with butter
黃油雜拌蔬菜 mixed vegetables with butter
菠菜臥果 spinach with poached egg
奶油汁烤口蘑 baked mushrooms with cream sauce
黃油炒口蘑 fried mushrooms with butter
黃油炒菠菜 fried spinach with butter
黃油炒豌豆 fried peas with butter
黃油炒青豆 fried green peas with butter
炒茄泥 fried mashed egg plants
炸茄子片 fried egg-plant slices
炸番茄 fried tomato
清煎土豆餅 fried potato cake
釀餡西葫蘆 stuffed bottle gourd
燜洋白菜卷 braised cabbage rolls
家常燜洋白菜卷 braised cabbage rolls
燴茄子 stewed egg plants
奶油汁燴豌豆 stewed peas with cream sauce
扁豆炒蛋 omelette/omelet with green beans
咖哩素菜 curry vegetables
6.雞鴨 chicken and duck
烤雞 roast chicken
烤油雞 roast chicken
素菜烤雞 roast chicken with vegetables
棒棒雞 bon bon chicken
煎雞 fried chicken
炸筍雞 fried spring chicken
炸雞 deep-fried chicken
炸雞肉串 fried chicken shashlik
雞肝串 chicken liver shashlik
通心粉煮雞 boiled chicken with macaroni
奶汁煮雞 boiled chicken with cream sauce
鐵扒筍雞 grilled spring chicken
燜雞 braised chicken
家常燜雞 braised chicken in home style
黃油燜雞 braised chicken with butter
黃油燜筍雞 braised spring chicken with butter
黃油燜雞腿 braised chicken legs with butter
紅燜雞塊 braised chicken chips
火鍋雞 podjarka chicken
罐燜雞 chicken a la Duchesse
罐燜筍雞 spring chicken a la Duchesse
高加索燜雞 chicken a la Caucasus
比利時燴雞 Belgian stewed chicken
奶油燴雞片 stewed chicken slices with cream
米飯燴雞鴨 stewed chicken and duck with rice
奶油燴雞飯 stewed chicken and rice with cream
咖哩雞飯 curry chicken with rice
細面條白汁雞腿 chicken legs with spaghet
西式冷餐 Western buffet
冷餐 buffet
1.冷菜 cold dish
1)沙拉 salad
沙拉 salad
色拉 salad
火腿沙拉 ham salad
雞沙拉 chicken salad
雞脯沙拉 chicken-breast salad
雞絲沙拉 shredded chicken salad
雞蛋沙拉 egg salad
魚片沙拉 fish salad
蝦仁沙拉 shrimp salad
大蝦沙拉 prawn salad
蟹肉沙拉 crab salad
素沙拉 vegetable salad
蔬菜沙拉 vegetable salad
鮮蔬菜沙拉 fresh vegetable salad
黃瓜沙拉 cucumber salad
鮮黃瓜沙拉 fresh cucumber salad
奶油黃瓜沙拉 cucumber salad with cream
西紅柿黃瓜沙拉 cucumber salad with tomato
西紅柿沙拉 tomato salad
甜菜沙拉 beetroot salad
紅菜頭沙拉 beetroot salad
沙拉油 salad dressing; mayonnaise
沙拉醬 salad dressing; mayonnaise
2)肉 meat
冷雜拌肉 cold mixed meat
冷什錦肉 cold mixed meat
冷肉拼香腸 cold meat and sausage
冷火腿蔬菜 cold ham with vegetables
什錦肉凍 mixed meat jelly
肝泥 mashed liver; live paste
牛肝泥 mashed ox liver; ox liver paste
牛腦泥 mashed ox brain; ox brain paste
冷烤牛肉 cold roast beef
冷烤裏脊 cold roast fillet
冷烤羔羊腿 cold roast lamb leg
冷烤豬肉 cold roast pork
冷燴茶腸 cold stewed sausage
冷茶腸 cold sausage
奶酪 cheese
3)魚 fish
紅燴魚片 stewed fish slices with brown sauce
茄汁燴魚片 stewed fish slices with tomato sauce
雞蛋鯡魚泥子 minced herring with eggs
雞蛋托鯡魚 herring on eggs
熏鯡魚 smoked herring
熏鯉魚 smoked carp
沙丁油魚 sardines
魚肉凍 fish jelly
釀餡魚 stuffed fish
紅魚子醬 red caviar
黑魚子醬 black caviar
大蝦泥 minced prawns
蟹肉泥 minced crab meat
4)家禽 poultry
雞肉凍 chicken jelly; chicken in aspic
水晶雞 chicken in aspic
雞肉泥 minced chicken meat; chicken paste
雞肝泥 minced chicken liver; chicken liver paste
鴨肝泥 minced duck liver; duck liver paste
釀餡雞蛋 stuffed eggs
奶酪釀餡雞蛋 stuffed eggs with cheese
釀餡雞 stuffed chicken
冷烤油雞蔬菜 cold roast chicken with vegetables
冷烤火雞 cold roast turkey
冷烤山雞 cold roast pheasant
冷烤野雞 cold roast pheasant
冷烤鴨 cold roast duck
冷烤野鴨 cold roast wild duck
烤鴨凍粉 roast duck jelly
冷烤鵝 cold roast goose
冷烤野鵝 cold roast wild goose
5)素菜 vegetable dish
什錦蔬菜 assorted vegetables
紅燴茄子 stewed egg-plant brown sauce
釀青椒 stuffed green pepper
釀西紅柿 stuffed tomato
酸蘑菇 sour mushrooms
酸黃瓜 sour cucumbers; pickled cucumbers
泡菜 pickled cabbage; sour and sweet cabbage
2.熱小菜 appetizers
奶油燴香腸 stewed sausage with cream
紅燴灌腸 stewed sausage with brown sauce
紅酒汁燴腰花 stewed kidney with red wine； kidney with red wine
奶油燴腰花 stewed kidney with cream; kidney with cream
芥末煎火腿豌豆 fried ham and peas with mustard
奶油煎火腿豌豆 fried ham and peas with cream
奶油汁煎牛肝 fried liver with cream sauce; liver with cream sauce
雞蛋汁煎鯡魚 fried herring with egg sauce
奶酪口蘑烤魚 fish au gratin
奶酪口蘑烤蟹肉 crab meat au gratin
奶油奶酪口蘑烤蟹肉 crab meat au gratin with cream
清煎雞蛋 fried eggs
火腿煎蛋 fried eggs with ham; ham and eggs
火腿蛋 fried eggs with ham; ham and eggs
鹹肉煎蛋 fried eggs with bacon; bacon and eggs
香腸煎蛋 fried eggs with sausage; sausage and eggs
清炒雞蛋 omelette/omelet
香腸炒蛋 sausage omelette/omelet
火腿炒蛋 ham omeletter/omelet
番茄炒蛋 tomato omelette/omelet
菜花沙蛋 cauliflower omelette/omelet
豌豆炒蛋 green peas omelette/omelet; omelette/omelet with green peas
鮮蘑炒蛋 mushroom omelette/omelet; omelette/omelet with mushrooms
果醬炒蛋 jam omelette/omelet; omelette/omelet with jam
3.湯 soup
清湯 light soup; clear soup; consomme
濃湯 thick soup; potage
肉湯 broth
奶油火腿湯 creamed ham soup; ham soup with cream
奶油雞茸湯 creamed mashed chicken soup; mashed chicken soup with cream
奶油蟹肉湯 creamed crab meat soup; crab meat soup with cream
奶油口蘑解肉湯 creamed mushroom soup with crab meat
奶油大蝦湯 creamed prawn soup; prawn soup with cream
奶油鮑魚湯 creamed abalone soup; abalone soup with cream
奶油龍須菜湯 creamed asparagus soup; asparagus soup with cream
奶油蘆筍湯 creamed asparagus soup; asparagus soup with cream
奶油菜花湯 creamed cauliflower soup; cauliflower soup with cream
奶油口蘑湯 creamed mushroom soup; mushroom soup with cream
奶油口蘑菜花湯 creamed mushroom soup with cauliflower
奶油西紅柿湯 creamed tomato soup; tomato soup with cream
奶油蕃茄湯 creamed tomato soup; tomato soup with cream
奶油菠菜湯 creamed spinach soup; spinach soup with cream
奶油菠菜泥湯 creamed mashed spinach soup; mashed spinach soup with cream
奶油豌豆湯 creamed peas soup; peas soup with cream
奶油豌豆泥湯 creamed mashed peas soup; mashed peas soup with cream