檳榔被國際癌癥研究機構證明為壹級致癌物。檳榔含有大量的檳榔堿和生物堿，具有細胞毒性。口腔黏膜與檳榔所含生物堿反應會導致口腔黏膜纖維化。如果人們壹邊嚼檳榔，壹邊抽煙喝酒，患口腔癌的幾率會大大增加。
檳榔不僅是壹級致癌物，長期咀嚼還會造成嚴重的牙齒磨損。專家證明，過量的檳榔堿會引起流涎、嘔吐、利尿、嗜睡和驚厥。
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