時至今日相關問題不斷出現,引起社會各方高度關註。每天的新聞的專題欄目的報道,不斷解讀相關產業鏈的損失。
至此或許我們還沒有重同情受災者的情緒中走出來,但是我要說的是,旱情的發生,作為人類的我們有著不可推卸的責任。
眾所周知誰是生態系統中聲明必需元素得以不斷運動的介質,沒有水循環就沒有生物地化循環。水也是地質侵蝕的動因,壹個地方的侵蝕,另壹個地方的沈積,都要通過水循環。因此壹旦水循環的終止,將意味著本身就比較脆弱的與水相關系最為密切的農業產業必將遭受沈重打擊。因為人類的活動,改變了局域的水源,森林砍伐、農業活動、濕地開發、河流改道、建壩等等活動都可以嚴重改變水資源的分布格局。
雖然在這場災難中,受害最為嚴重的是農民。但是在此之前長達幾十年的過程中,賺取無數錢財的木材經營加工企業或個人獲利無數。但如今為木材產業買單的是最為脆弱的群體。要是沒有政府的相關救濟行動,後果不堪設想。曾經以破壞生態系統獲利的人如今卻每天喝著礦泉水,開著汽車招搖過市。
從全球生態系統來看,雲南地處低緯度高原,地理位置特殊,地形地貌復雜,所以氣候也很復雜。主要受南孟加拉高壓氣流影響形成的高原季風氣候,全省大部分地區冬暖夏涼,四季如春的氣候特征。全省氣候類型豐富多樣,有北熱帶、南亞熱帶、中亞熱帶、北亞熱帶、南溫帶、中溫帶和高原氣候區***7個氣候類型。降水充沛,幹濕分明,分布不均。全省大部分地區年降水量在1100毫米,但由於冬夏兩季受不同大氣環流的控制和影響,降水量在季節上和地域上的分配是極不均勻的。降水量最多是6~9月份四個月,約占全年降水量的60%。11月至次年4月的冬春季節為旱季,降水量只占全年的10%~20%,甚至更少。不僅如此,在小範圍內,由於海拔高度的變化,降水的分布也不均勻。
11月至次年4月的冬春季節本來就是幹旱的季節,再加上森林生態系統的破壞,幹季將顯得更幹,雨季將顯得更澇。從植物學中我們很清楚的知道,植物的生長和供水是通過蒸騰作用提供源動力的。在植物的需水量中只有1%的水被組合到植物體內,而99%的水被植物蒸騰。土壤孔隙抗重力所蓄積的水,是土壤貯水能力的上限,為植物提供可利用的水。而植物的根系的存在使得土壤保持更多的水。在幹旱的季節不至於枯死,甚至為整個區域生態系統提供水分。
而如今,雲南四大河流流域的生態系統歷經20多年的嚴重破壞,貯水能力大大下降,這次的旱災只是壹個前兆。據相關林業部門不完全統計數據,自2005年以來哀牢山,無量山等重要林地遭到前所未有的破壞,加工和生產數據具體情況可看相關研究報告。政府林業部門所公布的數據時有很大水分的,因為涉及的大量問題實在非常復雜。在此也不必我多說,大家都知道的。壹些相關公司的名稱在此壹壹列舉也沒有多大意思。
作為壹個多年以來,壹直關心雲南生態系統的變化的學者,非常的為雲南這個以靠得天獨厚生態環境相關產業鏈為經濟支柱的事實感到無比的痛心和擔憂。如今旱情所造成的損失已經突破百億元,涉及產業包括花卉、茶葉、旅遊、蜂蜜、油菜等等各種產業。在此我想大聲呼籲,政府和相關社會利益團體,要從大局著想,立即行動。逐漸停止對雲南森林資源的掠奪性開發,加大力度保護水源。只有生態系統的穩定才能保證經濟!
According to reports: Yunnan experienced this year, once in the big 50-year drought, more than 20 million rural water Chuxiong, Baoshan most consecutive 120 days without rain, 34.1 million mu of crops crops Koharu Yuxi, Kunming, Qujing, a recent succession of Shangri-La, etc. fire.
Today, issues related to emerging, attracted all attention. Daily news reports of the thematic sections, and constantly interpret the loss of related industrial chain.
Thus perhaps we have not sympathy for the victims of emotional weight to get out, but I must say that the incidence of drought, as human beings we have a bounden duty.
As we all know who is the essential element of the ecosystem in a statement to the media in constant motion, not the water cycle there is no biological way of cycling. Water is also the motivation of geological erosion, erosion of a place, another place of deposit, must be through the water cycle. Terminated once the water cycle, will mean itself more vulnerable and the most closely related to water system will hit hard agriculture industry. Because human activities change the local water resources, deforestation, agricultural activities, wetland development, river diversions, dams and so activities can seriously change the distribution pattern of water resources.
Although this disaster, the worst affected farmers. But before the process for decades to earn money many timber processing enterprises and numerous personal profit. But now pay for the timber industry is most vulnerable groups. If no government relief operations related to the consequences. Have to destroy the ecosystem of people now have a daily profit of drinking mineral water, driving cars through the streets.
From the global ecological systems, the Yunnan Province is located in low latitude plateau, location specific, complex terrain, climate is also very complicated. The main impact of high pressure formed by the Nanmengjiala plateau monsoon climate, the province's most Dongnuanxialiang, year-round spring climate characteristics. Rich and varied weather patterns across the province to the north, tropical, subtropical, subtropical, subtropical north, south temperate zone, temperate and highland climate zone in a total of seven climate types. Abundant precipitation, dry clear, are unevenly distributed. Most parts of the province in the 1100 mm annual precipitation, but by different summer and winter atmospheric circulation control and influence,
Precipitation in the seasonal and geographical distribution is very uneven. Most precipitation is 6 to September for four months, accounting for 60% of annual precipitation. November to next April's spring and winter for the dry season, annual rainfall only 10% to 20% or less. Moreover, in a small area, due to changes in altitude, rainfall distribution was not uniform.
November to next April's spring and winter is the dry season have been, together with the destruction of forest ecosystems, the dry season would appear to be more dry, the rainy season would appear to be more floods. We know from botany to know, plant growth and transpiration of water supply is provided by the source or power. Water requirements of plants, only 1% of the water is combined into plants, while 99% of the water transpiration by plants. The accumulation of anti-gravity of soil pore water, soil water storage capacity is the maximum available for the plant to provide water. The presence of plant roots makes the soil to keep more water. Withered in the dry season Buzhi Yu,
Even for the entire regional ecosystems provide water.
Today, four major river basins in Yunnan Province ecosystems than 20 years of serious damage to water storage capacity greatly decreased, this drought is only a precursor. Incomplete the forestry sector, according to the relevant data, since 2005, Mountain, and other important forest Wuliangshan was unprecedented destruction, processing and production data to see the specific circumstances related to the study. Government data released by the forestry sector, there is great water, because a lot of issues involved is very complex. This is also not to say, we all know. The name of a number of related companies listed in this 11 have little meaning.
As a many years, been concerned about changes in the ecosystem in Yunnan scholars, this is for Yunnan to rely on unique ecological environment-related industry chain as economic pillars of the Shishi truly feel the pain and worry. Now the losses caused by drought has broken 10 billion yuan, involving industry, including flowers, tea, tourism, honey, rape, etc. all kinds of industries. I would like to speak out, the government and related social interest groups, from the overall interests, take immediate action. Forest resources in Yunnan gradually stop predatory development, greater efforts to protect water resources. Only the stability of ecosystems to ensure economic!